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  • Title: Clinical chemistry of thiamin.
    Author: Davis RE, Icke GC.
    Journal: Adv Clin Chem; 1983; 23():93-140. PubMed ID: 6398618.
    Abstract:
    This volume covers the history of thiamin, its chemistry and biochemistry, methods for the assessment of thiamin status, and the clinical chemistry of thiamin. Thiamin plays an essential role in carbohydrate metabolism, and there is some evidence it may also affect protein and lipid biosynthesis. Thiamin is composed of pyrimidine and thiazole moieties that are joined by a methylene bridge. The daily requirement of thiamin is related to energy need, especially that which is derived from carbohydrate. 0.33 mg of thiamin is required for each 4400 kJ of energy requirement; thus, a thiamin intake of 0.5 mg/4400 kJ has been recommended for adults and children of all ages. Measurement of blood levels, the excretion rate of the vitamin, the abnormal metabolic products resulting from a deficient state, or some other product dependent on the concentration of the vitamin in the body have been used to assess thiamin status. Clinical states that may be associated with a change in thiamin status include Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, megablastic anemia, maple syrup urine disease, and beriberi. There is no evidence that oral contraceptives have an adverse effect on thiamin metabolism. There is an increased requirement for thiamin during pregnancy, which may result in a deficiency in the mother. Moreover, thiamin deficiency has been implicated as a factor in toxemia of pregnancy. The concentration of thiamin in human breast milk is related to maternal intake of the vitamin, and cow's milk contains considerably more thiamin than human milk.
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