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  • Title: Musical murmurs: an echo-phonocardiographic study.
    Author: Venkataraman K, Siegel R, Kim SJ, Allen JW.
    Journal: Am J Cardiol; 1978 May 01; 41(5):952-5. PubMed ID: 645605.
    Abstract:
    Five patients with muscial murmurs were studied noninvasively with simultaneous echocardiography and phonocardiograpy and phonocardiography. Three patients had aortic regurgitation, one mitral regurgitation and one tricuspid regurgitation. The frequency of the muscial murmurs ranged from 40 to 158 cycles/sec. The patient with tricuspid regurgitation manifested an inspiratory honk. Simultaneous echo-phonocardiography revealed regular valve leaflet flutter (aortic, mitral or tricuspid) at a frequency identical to that of the simultaneously recorded muscial murmur. This study demonstrates that echocardiography is a useful noninvasive tool in identifying the site of origin of musical murmurs.
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