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  • Title: The incidence of Klippel-Feil syndrome in patients with congenital scoliosis and kyphosis.
    Author: Winter RB, Moe JH, Lonstein JE.
    Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976); 1984; 9(4):363-6. PubMed ID: 6474250.
    Abstract:
    A retrospective review of the radiographs of 1215 patients with congenital scoliosis and kyphosis disclosed 298 (25%) to have segmentation defects in the cervical spine. A single level defect was seen in 82 patients, 52 of which were at C2-C3. Of the 298 patients, 235 had scoliosis, (6 cervical, 42 cervicothoracic, 75 thoracic, 4 thoracolumbar, and 1 lumbar), 36 had kyphoscoliosis, 10 lordoscoliosis, and 17 pure kyphosis.
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