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  • Title: Pigeon memory: same/different concept learning, serial probe recognition acquisition, and probe delay effects on the serial-position function.
    Author: Santiago HC, Wright AA.
    Journal: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process; 1984 Oct; 10(4):498-512. PubMed ID: 6491609.
    Abstract:
    Two pigeons were trained with sets of 70 pairs of color-slide stimuli in a same/different task to perform at least 88% correct; six different sets were used in successive acquisitions. The subjects transferred same/different performance to novel stimuli with 60% accuracy following their six acquisitions; further training and daily changes in the training stimuli revealed 71% transfer to novel stimuli. Four pigeons were trained (88% criterion) in a serial-probe-recognition task with three list items, and the list length was increased with successive acquisitions to four, five, and six list items. Their serial-position functions changed for different delays between the last list item and the test item revealing a recency effect (last items remembered well) for 0-s delay, recency and primacy effects (first items remembered well) for 1- and 2-s delays, and only a primacy effect for a 10-s delay. These results are discussed in relation to human memory performance and theories of memory processing generally.
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