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  • Title: Differential inactivation of cephapirin vs. cephalothin by penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus: a preliminary study.
    Author: Wilkins J, Leedom JM, Overturf GD, Baraff LJ.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 1978 Apr; 137(4):494-7. PubMed ID: 649993.
    Abstract:
    The bactericidal effectiveness of cephapirin and cephalothin against small (approximately 10(5)) and large (approximately 10(8)) inocula of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. With the smaller inoculum, no differences in bactericidal activity between the two drugs (tested at 2 and 40 microgram/ml) were seen after incubation for 2, 4, 6, or 24 hr. Neither cephalosporin effectively killed a larger inoculum in a concentration of 250 times the minimal bactericidal concentration for selected strains. Total inactivation of cephapirin (40 microgram/ml) by eight of 13 strains was demonstrated with the larger inoculum. These preliminary studies indicate that inactivation of cephapirin is pH-dependent. No strain inactivated cephapirin in less than or equal to 4 hr. Inactivation was independent of temperature at 37 C and 42 C. Although cephalothin was resistant to inactivation under the same conditions, the inoculum required to inactivate cephapirin was not killed by 100 microgram of cephalothin/ml. Although strains of S. aureus that slowly inactivate cephapirin appear to be prevalent, no strain that rapidly inactivates this cephalosporin was identified.
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