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  • Title: Detection and quantification of small right-to-left shunts by the phase-plane method.
    Author: Fonseca-Costa A, Magrassi P, Zin WA, Romêo LJ.
    Journal: Am J Physiol; 1984 Oct; 247(4 Pt 2):H517-22. PubMed ID: 6548608.
    Abstract:
    In six anesthetized dogs 70 indicator-dilution curves and phase-plane plots were recorded. Indocyanine green was injected into the superior vena cava and sampled through a dichromatic cuvette densitometer from the femoral artery. Dye-dilution curves were recorded from dogs with normal cardiovascular systems and repeated after right-to-left shunts of different magnitude were surgically produced. The percent of blood shunting was calculated according to standard indicator-dilution equations and also by means of oximetric determination of blood samples. They were compared with shunt estimates based on phase-plane loop measurements. Good correlation was found with standard indicator-dilution procedures (r = 0.890) but not with oximetry (r = 0.466). The phase plane shows its utility in the detection and evaluation of small right-to-left shunts. These shunts affect the initial portion of the phase plane and the alterations appear to be more evident than in the corresponding concentration-vs.-time curves.
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