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  • Title: Activation of a translocated c-myc gene: role of structural alterations in the upstream region.
    Author: Wiman KG, Clarkson B, Hayday AC, Saito H, Tonegawa S, Hayward WS.
    Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 1984 Nov; 81(21):6798-802. PubMed ID: 6593728.
    Abstract:
    The translocated c-myc gene in AW-Ramos, a Burkitt lymphoma cell line carrying the 8;14 translocation, is expressed at 2- to 5-fold higher levels than c-myc in lymphoblastoid cell lines. The translocation event has joined c-myc to the IgM switch region. As a consequence, a recently identified immunoglobulin transcriptional enhancer element is not linked to the translocated c-myc gene. Chromosomal recombination occurs approximately equal to 340 nucleotides upstream of the c-myc 5' cap site, leaving all three c-myc exons intact. The nucleotide sequences of the two coding exons in the translocated c-myc gene are identical to those of the normal c-myc gene. Nucleotide sequence analyses of the first, noncoding c-myc exon and of the region between this exon and the chromosomal recombination point reveal two single-base differences from normal c-myc. Our data indicate that altered expression rather than an altered gene product is responsible for c-myc activation in AW-Ramos cells and that this is a result of either loss of regulatory sequences located greater than 340 nucleotides upstream of c-myc or disruption of normal c-myc regulation by one or both base substitutions. Alternatively, unidentified enhancer-like sequences in the Ig locus may alter the expression of c-myc.
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