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  • Title: Tubed pectoralis major musculocutaneous flaps for cervical esophageal replacement.
    Author: Neifeld JP, Merritt WA, Theogaraj SD, Parker GA.
    Journal: Ann Plast Surg; 1983 Jul; 11(1):24-30. PubMed ID: 6614753.
    Abstract:
    Five patients undergoing laryngopharyngectomy and cervical esophagectomy for cancer were reconstructed using a tubed pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap for esophageal replacement. One patient had no complications, 2 had pinpoint fistulas with rapid healing, a fourth died of a myocardial infarction, and the fifth had a partial breakdown requiring secondary flap closure. This flap is safe, reliable, and easy to rotate and tube on itself; use of the tubed pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap obviates the necessity for laparotomy for colon interposition, gastric pull-through, or jejunal free grafts. In addition, microvascular anastomoses are not required. Therefore, it is recommended as an excellent means of replacing the cervical esophagus and should be considered a method of choice in debilitated patients.
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