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  • Title: From ovulation to blastocyst attachment. A review of early embryonic life in the mouse.
    Author: Bloxham PA.
    Journal: Folia Vet Lat; 1976; 6(4):319-34. PubMed ID: 66173.
    Abstract:
    The development of the blastocyst from ovulation to implantation is discussed with particular reference to control mechanisms that enable the embryo to attach to the uterine wall, using the mouse as a laboratory model. The physical and chemical changes in the uterus and within the blastocyst are seen as essential steps towards implantation. Evidence that the oestrogen plays a fundamental part in the overall control of these changes is demonstrated. The interrelationship between the hormones of early pregnancy and the uterine production of histamine and cycle AMP is viewed in conjunction with the development of the blastocyst and the decidual changes that occur in the uterus which are essential for nidation. Knowledge of the hormonal, uterine, and embryonal changes that culminate in implantation in the mouse are reviewed. The major topics discussed are: 1) husbandry, 2) ovulation, 3) fertilization, 4) preimplantation: ovum development, 5) the attachment phase of implantation, 6) blastocyst collection and culture, 7) late preimplantation uterine changes, 8) delayed implantation, and 9) hormones of early pregnancy. The interrelationship between hormones of early pregnancy and the production of histamine and cyclic AMP is seen in the processes necessary for nidation. It is apparent that estrogen plays a significant role in implantation. The blastocyst is stimulated by estrogen thereby increasing its ability to attach to the endometrium and maybe helping it to escape maternal rejection. Estrogen also elicits the uterine stromal response that develops into the decidual reaction of early implantation.
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