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  • Title: Scanning electron microscopy of vocal cord hyperplasia, keratosis, papillomatosis, dysplasia and carcinoma.
    Author: Lundgren J, Olofsson J, Hellquist H, Gröntoft L.
    Journal: Acta Otolaryngol; 1983; 96(3-4):315-27. PubMed ID: 6637449.
    Abstract:
    The vocal cord fine surface structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the observations related to the light-microscopical (LM) findings after embedding and cutting. The SEM micrographs were assessed using a rating system based on 7 parameters. The proportion of "normal" and "abnormal" SEM areas varied within the respective histologic groups. There was, however, a significant difference between the SEM ratings in the group with hyperplasia-keratosis, with or without mild dysplasia, compared to the groups with severe dysplasia-carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In the small number of cases with moderate dysplasia and juvenile laryngeal papilloma, the SEM ratings displayed pronounced disparity.
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