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  • Title: Evaluation of nonstress fetal heart rate testing in multiple gestations.
    Author: Blake GD, Knuppel RA, Ingardia CJ, Lake M, Aumann G, Hanson M.
    Journal: Obstet Gynecol; 1984 Apr; 63(4):528-32. PubMed ID: 6700901.
    Abstract:
    Routine serial nonstress fetal heart rate testing was evaluated in 94 patients with multiple gestations (193 fetuses). Reactive testing was associated with an uncomplicated perinatal outcome in 89% of the cases. Nonreactive fetuses had a significantly higher incidence of perinatal morbidity, including fetal distress in labor (77.8%), asphyxia (48%), and intrauterine growth retardation (28%). Overall perinatal mortality (21/1000) was nearly comparable to that observed in singleton pregnancies. Nonreactive fetuses had a perinatal death rate that was more than six times that of the reactive ones (80/1000 versus 12/1000). Antepartum nonstress testing was found to be a highly reliable and predictive tool in the assessment of multiple gestations.
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