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  • Title: Bilateral ductus arteriosus (or remnant): an analysis of 27 patients.
    Author: Freedom RM, Moes CA, Pelech A, Smallhorn J, Rabinovitch M, Olley PM, Williams WG, Trusler GA, Rowe RD.
    Journal: Am J Cardiol; 1984 Mar 15; 53(7):884-91. PubMed ID: 6702642.
    Abstract:
    Bilateral ductus arteriosus (DA) was clinically recognized in 27 patients studied angiographically from 1963 through May 1983. Distal bilateral DA origin of non-confluent pulmonary arteries was identified in 15 patients, ectopic or distal ductal origin of 1 pulmonary artery in 9 patients (5 without evidence of intracardiac disease) and isolation of the left subclavian artery in 3 (all 3 of whom had a right aortic arch). Other conditions reported to be associated with bilateral DA include interruption of the aortic arch with isolation of a subclavian artery, aortic atresia with interruption of the aortic arch in which bilateral DA supports the entire systemic circulation, bilateral DA complicating forms of congenitally malformed hearts other than those just stated, and, rarely, bilateral DA in isolation. Understanding the symmetric or paired nature of the primitive aortic arch system in the developing human heart facilitates recognition of the patterns of fourth and sixth arch anomalies seen with bilateral DA.
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