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  • Title: Complete cartilage-ring tracheal stenosis associated with anomalous left pulmonary artery: the ring-sling complex.
    Author: Berdon WE, Baker DH, Wung JT, Chrispin A, Kozlowski K, de Silva M, Bales P, Alford B.
    Journal: Radiology; 1984 Jul; 152(1):57-64. PubMed ID: 6729137.
    Abstract:
    The persistent high mortality in infants with pulmonary artery "sling" (retrotracheal anomalous left pulmonary artery) is primarily due to the coexistence in such patients of long-segment tracheal stenosis due to complete cartilage rings. Five such patients are reported. Airway studies (by filtered high-kV radiography, bronchography, and/or CT) showed low carina, horizontal equal-length right and left mainstem bronchi, and long-segment tracheal stenosis. The length of the stenosis far exceeded the contact with the pulmonary sling. The suggested term "ring-sling complex" for such patients correctly places emphasis on detection of the tracheal malformation, which currently has no satisfactory surgical treatment.
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