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  • Title: Epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief.
    Author: Hjortsø E, Vester-Andersen T, Møller IW, Lunding M.
    Journal: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand; 1982 Oct; 26(5):528-30. PubMed ID: 6756019.
    Abstract:
    In a clinical, double-blind study including 45 patients, who all underwent lower abdominal or urological surgery, the analgesic effect, latency and duration of epidural application of morphine were investigated in doses of 2 and 4 mg, respectively, compared to placebo. No significant difference was found in the effect of 2 mg morphine, compared to placebo. A significant decrease in pain score was found in the group of patients who received 4 mg morphine administered epidurally; however, this effect did not occur until 60 min after epidural administration. The effect of 4 mg morphine was found to be of long duration, as eight out of 15 patients did not require any supplementary analgesics within the first 24 h, compared to two out of 14 and three out of 15 patients, respectively, in the placebo and 2-mg groups.
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