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  • Title: Thermal injury to bone. A vital-microscopic description of heat effects.
    Author: Eriksson A, Albrektsson T, Grane B, McQueen D.
    Journal: Int J Oral Surg; 1982 Apr; 11(2):115-21. PubMed ID: 6809671.
    Abstract:
    A titanium implant, the thermal chamber, allowing vital microscopic observations of bone tissue during heating and bone temperature measurements to be made simultaneously is described. The tissue reactions to a defined heat trauma may be followed and registered on slides and ciné film. The thermal chamber technique allows repeated observations of the same bone tissue compartment for indefinite follow-up period. In the present experiment, the chamber was inserted in the rabbit tibia and heating to 53 degrees C was applied for 1 min. During heating to the assigned temperature, the blood-flow velocity initially increased. At 53 degrees C the blood flow stopped in some vessels and became sluggish in others. 2 days after heating the blood flow in the pre-existing vessels had stopped. Gradually thereafter, all original vessels became replaced with ingrowing newly-developed vascular pathways. Fat cells seen before burning became resorbed and bone remodelling started 3-5 weeks after the heat injury. A temperature of 53 degrees C, i.e. below the denaturation point of alkaline phosphatase, caused an irreversible bone injury, after which healing occurred from the surrounding tissues.
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