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  • Title: Comparative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol after intravenous chloramphenicol succinate in premature infants and older patients.
    Author: Nahata MC, Powell DA.
    Journal: Dev Pharmacol Ther; 1983; 6(1):23-32. PubMed ID: 6839912.
    Abstract:
    The bioavailability of chloramphenicol and the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate were studied in 5 premature infants (group A), 8 full-term infants (group B) and 4 children (group C) receiving intravenous chloramphenicol succinate at steady-state. Although the total body clearances of chloramphenicol succinate were similar in the three groups, its renal clearance, 0.78 +/- 1.13 ml/min/kg, in group A was markedly lower than 4.11 +/- 2.41 ml/min/kg in group B (p less than 0.05) and 7.31 +/- 2.85 ml/min/kg in group C (p less than 0.05). The bioavailability of chloramphenicol, 0.93 +/- 0.10, in group A was considerably higher as compared to 0.71 +/- 0.14 in group B (p = 0.06) and 0.64 +/- 0.13 in group C (p less than 0.05). The elimination half-life of chloramphenicol, 10.08 +/- 6.88 h, in group A was longer than 3.48 +/- 1.52 h in group B (p less than 0.05) and 4.86 +/- 2.41 h in group C (p = 0.06). The increased bioavailability of chloramphenicol in premature infants was a result of the decreased renal clearance of chloramphenicol succinate causing a greater fraction of the chloramphenicol succinate dose to be hydrolyzed to chloramphenicol.
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