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  • Title: CT diagnosis of degenerative disc disease. The bulging annulus.
    Author: Williams AL.
    Journal: Radiol Clin North Am; 1983 Jun; 21(2):289-300. PubMed ID: 6867313.
    Abstract:
    Computed tomography can accurately distinguish a bulging disc with intact annulus from a herniated nucleus pulposus in most patients. A bulging annulus should be diagnosed when CT scans demonstrate generalized extention of the disc margins beyond the adjacent vertebral body margins. A herniated nucleus may be diagnosed by a CT scan when there is focal protrusion of the disc margin beyond the vertebral body margins. However, correlation between clinical and CT findings remains a critical factor in determining the significance of an abnormality detected by a CT scan.
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