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  • Title: Minimal internal and external fixation in the treatment of open tibial fractures.
    Author: Spiegel PG, VanderSchilden JL.
    Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res; 1983 Sep; (178):96-102. PubMed ID: 6883873.
    Abstract:
    The advantages of rigid internal fixation for open tibial fractures are well documented. There is also a large literature describing various forms of external fixation for open tibial shaft fractures. Because of the enthusiasm for internal and external fixation, the disadvantages and complications warrant new emphasis.
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