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  • Title: Quantitative histopathologic assessment of developing phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in the cat.
    Author: Hassell TM, Roebuck S, Page RC, Wray SH.
    Journal: J Clin Periodontol; 1982 Sep; 9(5):365-72. PubMed ID: 6958684.
    Abstract:
    Phenytoin (Dilantin) induces gingival overgrowth characterized by an accumulation of connective tissue The cell-to-matrix ratio in the mature lesion is normal, yet there must be more fibroblasts per oral cavity if there is excessive tissue mass. Using a mongrel cat model system, we studied the early, developing phenytoin-induced lesion by quantitating fibroblasts per unit of tissue in papilla biopsies collected over a 3-month period of daily drug administration. At 6 and 8 weeks, the number of fibroblasts per unit of tissue increased dramatically. By 3 months, as the lesions matured, the fibroblast-to-matrix ratio returned to normal. We suggest that the drug interacts with resident gingival fibroblasts, causes them to proliferate and thus induces a true, but transient, hypercellularity. Cell division then appears to slow or cease, and rapid production of connective tissue matrix ensues, returning the cell-to-matrix ratio to normal.
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