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  • Title: Neurogenic respiratory failure: a 5-year experience using implantable phrenic nerve stimulators.
    Author: Oakes DD, Wilmot CB, Halverson D, Hamilton RD.
    Journal: Ann Thorac Surg; 1980 Aug; 30(2):118-21. PubMed ID: 6968185.
    Abstract:
    During the past 5 years, 20 phrenic nerve stimulators have been implanted in 11 patients who were ventilator dependent because of neurogenic respiratory failure. Ten patients had traumatic spinal cord lesions; the remaining patient suffered from a progressive demyelinating disease. There was no operative mortality. Complications included 1 stimulator malfunction and 1 pneumothorax. In spite of adjacent tracheostomies, there were no infections or wound complications. Of the 20 stimulators implanted, 13 initially produced good diaphragmatic function, 2 had fair function, and 5 had little or not function. Three patients became completely independent of their ventilators; 6 became partially independent, thus simplifying nursing care. There were no late complications. As of December, 1979, 7 patients had benefited or were continuing to benefit from phrenic nerve stimulation.
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