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  • Title: Current management of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
    Author: Williams RA, Wilson SE.
    Journal: Int Surg; 1980; 65(2):157-63. PubMed ID: 6971280.
    Abstract:
    Massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage originates in the colon in 70% of cases. In half the remaining cases it originates in the small bowel, and in the other half in the duodenum. Currently available diagnostic techniques are: mesenteric angiography, barium contrast meal studies, colonoscopy, and laparotomy. Causes of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding are: diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, ischemic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal varices. Accurate localization of the bleeding site is essential if surgical treatment is to be successful.
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