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  • Title: Relationship of estrogens and oral contraceptives to endometrial cancer in animals and women.
    Author: Drill VA.
    Journal: J Reprod Med; 1980 Jan; 24(1):5-13. PubMed ID: 6987399.
    Abstract:
    Various experimental and clinical studies have been made to evaluate possible relationships between estrogen and endometrial cancer. Estrogens do not induce endometrial carcinoma in most species of laboratory animals. In contrast to the limited species effect of estrogen, known carcinogens such as 2-naphthylamine, nitrosamines or aflatoxin B1 produce tumor incidence in a variety of species. Some case-control studies provide the hypothesis that estrogens in menopausal or postmenopausal women may be associated with increased risk of endometrial carcinoma. These studies provide only for association, and the theory of direct relationship must be confirmed or denied by more direct measurements. Other data on estrogens do not show a relationship between estrogens and endometrial cancer. Cases of endometrial cancer have been observed in women using sequential oral contraceptives, particularly dimethisterone with ethinylestradiol, but a cause-and-effect relationship has not been established. Progestins may arrest the progress or cause regression of endometrial carcinoma, but the indications are that the progestin is not protective against the carcinoma in the dosage employed. No data indicates that combination oral contraceptives cause endometrial cancer. The progestin in combination oral contraceptives may offer some protection against endometrial neoplastic changes.
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