These tools will no longer be maintained as of December 31, 2024. Archived website can be found here. PubMed4Hh GitHub repository can be found here. Contact NLM Customer Service if you have questions.


Pubmed for Handhelds

PUBMED FOR HANDHELDS

Search MEDLINE/PubMed

  • Title: [Hormonal contraception--side effects and surgical aspects (author's transl)].
    Author: Göretzlehner G, Carol W, Köhler G.
    Journal: Zentralbl Chir; 1980; 105(24):1601-16. PubMed ID: 7015744.
    Abstract:
    Hormonal contraception is at present the safest method to prevent pregnancy. In this survey the most important aspects of side-effects, drug interactions contraindications and indications for discontinuance are dealt with. A review of the composition, usage, and side effects of hormonal contraceptives is presented. The estrogens ethinyl estradiol, mestranol, ethinyl estradiol sulfonate, and quinestrol, as well as the gestagens chlormadinon acetate, norethindrone acetate, and d-norgestrel, are used in combination, sequential, and depot preparations, mini-pills, and morning-after pills. The failure rate of combination preparations is 1/100 women-years and of sequential preparations is 1-5/100 woman-years. Gestagen-intensive preparations can be used for women showing symptoms of gestagen deficiency (e.g. hypermenorrhea, endometriosis), while estrogen-intensive preparations are indicated for women with e.g. hypomenorrhea, acne, or hirsuitism. Preparations containing chlormadinon acetate are indicated for women with signs of androgen imbalance or for women who sing or use their voices professionally. Control check-ups of patients using hormonal contraceptives should occur every 6 months. Women who still want to bear children should discontinue hormonal contraceptive use for a certain period every 2 years. Hormonal contraceptives can be prescribed to adolescents 2 years after menarche and after one year of regular menstruation. The side effects of hormonal contraceptive use are listed. Subjective side effects such as nausea and headaches are frequently reported. Hormonal contraceptives can cause menstrual irregularities; spottings or break-through bleedings during hormonal contraceptive use indicate a reduced contraceptive effectiveness. Hormonal contraceptive use causes increases in laboratory values, e.g. SGOT, SGPT; lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism are also affected by hormonal contraceptives. Hormonal contraceptives have been shown to cause an increase in blood pressure and affect the circulatory system, liver and gall bladder function, and blood coagulation. Neoplasms may be affected positively or negatively by hormonal contraceptive use. Relative and absolute contraindications for hormonal contraceptive use as well as indications for discontinuing hormonal contraceptive use are listed.
    [Abstract] [Full Text] [Related] [New Search]