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  • Title: Evaluation of the urethra in males with spinal cord injury.
    Author: Calenoff L, Foley MJ, Hendrix RW.
    Journal: Radiology; 1982 Jan; 142(1):71-6. PubMed ID: 7053552.
    Abstract:
    Of 358 antegrade voiding urethrograms obtained in 200 males with spinal cord injury, the urethra was satisfactorily shown by 154 (77%), permitting evaluation of alterations related to cord damage, surgery, or iatrogenic trauma. In 105 cases the neurogenic urethra was normal, demonstrated only minor distension, or had a patulous appearance, in contrast to urinary tract changes such as a markedly neurogenic bladder, vesicoureteral reflux, and bladder calculi. In 49 patients, abnormalities included (a) changes related to surgical alleviation of sphincter dyssynergia; (b) iatrogenic changes such as diverticula strictures, undermining of the external sphincter ("spiral sign"), and intravasation of contrast material; and (c) pressure necrosis of the urethra. Some changes need no special treatment; others, such as pressure necrosis, require early recognition and prompt therapy.
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