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  • Title: Occupational bladder cancer and cigarette smoking in West Yorkshire.
    Author: Cartwright R.
    Journal: Scand J Work Environ Health; 1982; 8 Suppl 1():79-82. PubMed ID: 7100861.
    Abstract:
    This paper reports results from a case-referent study on bladder cancer being conducted in parts of West Yorkshire; 991 cases have been incorporated in the results to date. Overall there was a significant risk of bladder cancer associated with smoking cigarettes. This habit showed a risk ratio of 1.8 (95% confidence limits of 1.5-2.3) for males. In addition there were significant overall risks associated with certain occupations; these include process workers in the dye manufacturing industry, who had a risk of 2.9 (95% confidence limits of 2.0-4.3) for males. When smokers were contrasted with nonsmokers, however, the risk was 4.6 for dye manufacturing process workers who smoked, while for nonsmokers the risk was much less at 1.9.
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