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  • Title: Implantation of permanent transvenous pacemaker via subclavian vein.
    Author: Kessinger JM, Holter AR, Geha AS.
    Journal: Arch Surg; 1982 Aug; 117(8):1105-7. PubMed ID: 7103734.
    Abstract:
    A favorable overall experience was found with permanent transvenous cardiac pacing using a direct venipuncture for entry into the subclavian vein. The method allows a rapid and relatively atraumatic introduction of a variety of transvenous pacemaker electrodes. However, a fatal complication developed that was caused by unrecognized puncture of the left pulmonary artery in an elderly patient. This was the result of a technical error and emphasizes that experience in subclavian venipuncture is essential to avoid the complications of this approach.
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