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  • Title: Electrolyte studies. 2. Potassium, chloride, and acid-base.
    Author: Burke MD.
    Journal: Postgrad Med; 1978 Nov; 64(5):205-12. PubMed ID: 714831.
    Abstract:
    Hypokalemia plus elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) content usually indicates renal or gastrointestinal potassium (K+) loss. Hypokalemia plus decreased CO2 content usually means intestinal K+ loss. Hyperkalemia is common in metabolic acidosis and oliguric renal failure. With hemolysis or thrombocytosis, serum K+ concentration may be elevated while plasma concentration is normal. A CO2 value less than 18 mmole/liter suggests metabolic acidosis; a value greater than 30 mmole/liter suggests metabolic alkalosis.
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