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  • Title: Nephrotoxicity of epinephrine-assisted venography.
    Author: Cochran ST, Waisman J, Pagani JJ, Cahill P.
    Journal: Invest Radiol; 1982; 17(6):583-92. PubMed ID: 7152862.
    Abstract:
    A retrospective study was performed to determined the nephrotoxicity of epinephrine-assisted venography (EAV). The results showed an increase in the serum level of creatinine (sCr) up to five days after EAV in 67% of patients, in comparison with 16% in patients who had other types of renal angiography. Microscopic examination of renal specimens from patients who had undergone EAV showed vacuolization of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules. Risk factors for acute renal failure that have been described in the literature were not statistically significant in this study. These findings suggest that EAV is a more nephrotoxic procedure than renal angiography without EAV.
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