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  • Title: [Echocardiographic assessment of anatomical detail in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome].
    Author: Suzuki K, Hirata K, Eto Y, Takechi T, Rikitake N, Ichinose E, Matsunaga S, Yoshioka F, Kato H.
    Journal: J Cardiogr; 1982 Dec; 12(4):991-1008. PubMed ID: 7186013.
    Abstract:
    Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a disease with poor prognosis, which is characterized by severe heart failure in early neonatal period. However, there are some patients who survive for relatively longer period. In the light of this fact, 18 patients with this syndrome were studied by echocardiography, and the anatomical and functional classification was attempted. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome was classified into three types: type I was mitral atresia and aortic atresia, type II was mitral atresia and aortic stenosis, and type III was mitral atresia with an abnormality of cono-truncal relationship, respectively. M-mode echocardiography was performed in 15 of the 18 patients, and two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded in seven cases. Heart catheterization was performed in all patients. Autopsy was performed on 14 of the 18 patients, and its findings were compared with the findings obtained by echocardiography. Two-dimensional echocardiographic classification of this syndrome was possible in all the patients using above-mentioned criteria. Patent ductus arteriosus was detected in two of six cases having this syndrome, and foramen ovale in 4 of 5 cases. The morphological evaluation of both the interatrial and interventricular septum was made by two-dimensional echocardiography, and it contributed to decide the indication of balloon-atrial septostomy. The patients with type I had the poorest prognosis, and the patients with type III survived longer period. Anatomical classification of this syndrome and detection of associated anomalies by two-dimensional echocardiography are recommended to consider the prognostic and surgical considerations.
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