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  • Title: Reduction of teratogenic effects of ethylenethiourea in rats by interaction with sodium nitrite in vivo.
    Author: Khera KS.
    Journal: Food Chem Toxicol; 1982 Jun; 20(3):273-8. PubMed ID: 7201954.
    Abstract:
    Nitrites are present in a wide variety of foods and their daily intake in man has been estimated at 1.5 mg. Ethylenethiourea (ETU), a major food contaminant resulting from degradation of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides, is a potent rat teratogen. The co-administration of ETU (60 or 40 mg/kg) and NaNO2 (80 mg/kg) to rats by gavage on day 15 of gestation resulted in a higher survival of progeny than occurred with the corresponding dose of ETU alone. In a second study, ETU (60 mg/kg) and NaNO2 (80, 100 or 120 mg/kg) were administered, either individually or in combination, as a single dose on day 13 of gestation. Administered alone, NaNO2 did not produce any teratogenic response in full-term foetuses, whereas ETU produced a high incidence of various anomalies. However, the combined dosing resulted in the elimination of almost all the anomalies. The reducing effect of NaNO2 on ETU-induced malformations was reversed when the animals were pretreated with 200 mg ascorbic acid/kg or 360 mg sodium ascorbate/kg. Since both of these are well-known inhibitors of N-nitrosation reactions, it was presumed that the simultaneous oral dosing of ETU and NaNO2 resulted in the formation of N-nitrosoethylenethiourea.
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