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  • Title: Evaluation of lactational performance of Navajo women.
    Author: Butte NF, Calloway DH.
    Journal: Am J Clin Nutr; 1981 Oct; 34(10):2210-5. PubMed ID: 7293949.
    Abstract:
    The effect of suboptimal maternal nutrition on lactational performance of 23 Navajo women was studied in terms of milk volume, milk composition, and infant growth. The mean milk volume produced by 10 Navajo women was 634 +/- 113 mg/24 h after approximately 1 month of lactation. The content of protein, lactose, and lipid were within normal limits. Retinol and carotene content were 32.9 +/- 15.7 and 19.7 +/- 6.3 microgram/dl, respectively. Milk folacin averaged 56.4 +/- 23.9 mg/ml. The mean contents of zinc, iron, and copper were 2.8 +/- 1.1, 0.8 +/- 0.6, and 0.3 +/- 0.2 mg/l, respectively. Despite evidence of suboptimal nutriture among these Navajo women, lactational performance was adequate in terms of infant growth, milk volume, and milk composition with the exception of vitamin A which was lower than normal. The effect of suboptimal maternal nutrition on lactation performance of 23 Navajo women, age range 16 to 23 years, was investigated in terms of milk volume, milk composition, and infant growth. All of the women were in full lactation on the day of assessment, which varied from day 19 to 62 of lactation. 10 mothers agreed to the 24-hour test weighing session. Milk samples (n = 23) were expressed manually or extracted with a manual pump between 12:00 and 4:00 p.m. Maternal and infant health since hospital discharge were reviewed by a questionnaire. The mean milk volume produced by 10 Navajo women was 634 + or - 113 ml/24 hours after approximately 1 month of lactation. The content of protein, lactose, and lipid were all within normal limits. Retinol and carotene content were 32.9 + or - 15.7 and 19.7 + or - 6.3mc/dl, respectively. Milk folacin averaged 56.4 + or - 23.9 ng/ml. The mean contents of zinc, iron, and copper were 2.8 + or - 1.1, 0.8 + or - 0.6, and 0.3 + or - 0.2 mg/1, respectively. The mean rate of infant growth was 35.9 g/day. The rate of weight gain between birth and 1 month of age corresponded to the 75th percentile of the Iowa growth standards for females and to the 90th percentile for males. There were a few episodes of fever, diarrhea, and colds. The 1st month of life presented no grave problems for the infants. In sum, despite evidence of suboptimal nutriture among this group of Navajo women, lactational performance was adequate in terms of infant growth, milk volume, and milk composition with the exception of viatmin A which was lower than normal.
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