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  • Title: Efficacy of urine monitoring in methadone maintenance.
    Author: Havassy B, Hall S.
    Journal: Am J Psychiatry; 1981 Nov; 138(11):1497-500. PubMed ID: 7294222.
    Abstract:
    To test the efficacy of screening urine specimens of methadone maintenance clients as a deterrent to illicit drug use, the authors randomly assigned 431 subjects to a monitored or an unmonitored group for 1 year. Monitored subjects continued to provide urine specimens once a week; unmonitored subjects did not. All other aspects of treatment remained the same. At 4 and 8 months after the study began, surprise urine collections were conducted. There was no difference between the groups in the proportion of drug-free specimens at either time.
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