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  • Title: From hospitals to jails: the fate of California's deinstitutionalized mentally ill.
    Author: Whitmer GE.
    Journal: Am J Orthopsychiatry; 1980 Jan; 50(1):65-75. PubMed ID: 7356002.
    Abstract:
    This paper describes a shift of mentally ill persons from custodial care in state institutions during the 1960s to prosecution in criminal courts during the 1970s. The shift is attributed to the unforeseen clinical needs of this new outpatient population, the inability of community mental health centers to meet these needs, and the changes in mental health laws, specifically their emphasis on the concept of dangerousness.
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