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  • Title: Experimental ureteral lengthening in dogs.
    Author: Crooks KK, Daly JJ, Prout GR.
    Journal: Invest Urol; 1980 Jul; 18(1):66-8. PubMed ID: 7410015.
    Abstract:
    The right ureters of eight dogs were divided and the end of the proximal segments were attached to a spring generating a constant tension force of 26 to 30 mm Hg. After 2 weeks, the segments had elongated by an average of 33%; one segment did not elongate because of a spring failure. Six of the seven elongated segments were viable. Microscopically, the segments revealed muscular hypertrophy, increased collagen and elastic tissue, and periureteral inflammation and edema. This study indicates that a dog ureter may be mechanically elongated and its tissue viability maintained by applying a constant tension external stretching force.
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