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  • Title: Heterograft cardiac valve prostheses: a five-year follow-up.
    Author: Grehl TM, Naifeh JG, Broda J, Dajee A, Hurley EJ.
    Journal: Ann Thorac Surg; 1980 Aug; 30(2):173-6. PubMed ID: 7416840.
    Abstract:
    The major advance in the management of valvular heart disease over the past twenty years has been due to prosthetic valve operation. The bioprostheses have good hemodynamic function and a low rate of thromboembolism although the long-term durability is unknown. In this series of 25 patients with 27 valves implanted over five years, there was an 9% early mortality and a 12% late mortality. There have been no thromboembolic episodes. Primary valvular dysfunction requiring operation occurred in 7.4% (2 out of 27). All surviving patients are in New York Heart Association Functional Class I or II.
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