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  • Title: [The rights of child before birth].
    Author: López García G.
    Journal: Rev Chil Pediatr; 1980; 51(1):39-47. PubMed ID: 7422946.
    Abstract:
    The new life of a human being begins at the moment of fertilization, i.e. when an ovum and a sperm join together. From this moment on the fertilized egg has the capacity to achieve its complete development whether or not nidation takes place. Abortion means interruption of pregnancy through death of the fetus. Postcoital contraceptive agents are not contraceptive agents but abortifacient agents, since they intervene on an already fertilized egg. Spontaneous abortions have usually pathological reasons, as do early deliveries. The majority of the so called therapeutic abortions are really induced abortions disguised under another name; the cases in which a new pregnancy can really be detrimental to the mother are, these days, extremely rare, and psychiatric indications for abortion are mostly excuses to free a woman from an unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, it is precisely the mothers who have sought an abortion who often become affected by serious psychological problems. Contraceptive agents must be distinguished according to their mechanism of action; those which are really anovulatory agents, and those which are antiimplantation agents, and, as such, abortifacient agents. The mechanism of action of OCs (oral contraceptives) does inhibit ovulation; at times, however, it inhibits implantation either by modifying tubal or uterine contractility, or by causing endometrial changes. In this case even OCs are abortifacient agents. The mechanism of action of all types of IUDs always leads to inhibition of nidation by modification of endometrial functions; as such, any IUD is an abortifacient agent. As international statistics can demonstrate the widespread use of contraception has not diminished the number of abortions; on the contrary the number has increased enormously. Obviously the step from contraception to abortion in case of contraception failure is a very short one.
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