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  • Title: Nutrition policies and population policies.
    Author: Bender AE.
    Journal: J Hum Nutr; 1980 Dec; 34(6):417-28. PubMed ID: 7462617.
    Abstract:
    Nutrition programs and family planning programs have a mutual impact on each other and nutrition and family planning services can be provided in an integrated program; however, an integrated approach is not absolutely necessary as individual programs can also be beneficial. Reductions in population growth and family size can contribute toward inproving nutritional standards by increasing the available per capita food supply. Nutritional programs can promote family planning by reducing infant and child mortality. The proportion of the population in developing countries suffering from malnutrition ranges from 25%-75%. Major nutritional problems are anemia caused by iron and folate deficiency, goiter caused by iodine deficiency, and blindness caused by Vitamin A deficiency. Severe clinical malnutrition gives rise to pellegra, beriberi, and other serious disease which can be easily recognized and diagnosed. Only 2-3% of a poorly fed population suffers from severe clinical malnutrition. Most of the individuals in a poorly fed population suffer milder forms of malnutrition which are harder to diagnose. During the 1st stage of malnutrition body stores of needed materials decline. There are no outward clinical manifestations of this decline and the problem can be detected only through biochemical measurement. During later stages as organ dysfunction, tissue damage, and irreversible damage occurs the clinical signs become increasing apparent. The effects of poor nutrition on children include 1) reduced growth rates; 2) impairment of the body's defense system for fighting infection; and 3) mental retardation. The effects of poor nutrition on adults are more difficult to identify, but a number of studies indicate that work output is significantly decreased by malnutrition.
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