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  • Title: Ghana 1993: results from the Demographic and Health Survey.
    Journal: Stud Fam Plann; 1995; 26(4):245-9. PubMed ID: 7482682.
    Abstract:
    Data for the 1993 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey were collected from 5822 households through interviews with 4562 women aged 15-49 and 1302 aged 15-59. These data were summarized and tabulated to show 1) general and socioeconomic characteristics of the population; 2) fertility trends, differentials, and age-specific fertility; 3) fertility preferences; 4) current contraceptive usage; 5) contraception knowledge and use, intention to use, and reasons for nonuse; 6) marital and contraceptive status; 7) postpartum variables; 8) infant mortality; 9) health, including disease, prevention, and treatment; and 10) nutritional status. The size of the population grew from 7.8 million in 1965 to 12.8 in 1985. Female education ranged from 35% with none, to 16% with primary, 38.8% with middle school, and 10.3% with secondary school. The survey showed an estimated fertility of 5.5 for 1991-93, which was down from the UN estimate of 6.4 for 1985-90. Fertility decreased with urban residence and increasing educational level. The ideal number of children decreased with age and number of living children. Contraceptive usage increased with urban residence and educational level. 90.7% of currently married women knew about any modern method, 31.5% had ever used a modern method, and 10.1 were currently using one. 48.9% of all women indicated an intention not to use contraceptives in the future. The most frequently cited reason for nonuse was the desire to have another child (32.6%), followed by lack of knowledge (13%). Age at first birth increased with urban residence and educational level, but the duration of breast feeding dropped with urban residence and higher education level. Infant mortality showed a steady decline, with the most recent increment being to a rate of 66 derived from survey data in 1988-93 as compared to a rate of 90 in UN estimates for 1985-90. Infant mortality declined more rapidly with urban residence and educational level. Percent of children ever vaccinated also rose with mother's education, and percent of undernourished children diminished.
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