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  • Title: Intra-VTA injections of the mu-opioid antagonist CTOP enhance locomotor activity.
    Author: Badiani A, Leone P, Stewart J.
    Journal: Brain Res; 1995 Aug 28; 690(1):112-6. PubMed ID: 7496796.
    Abstract:
    In this paper we report on the effects of microinjections of the mu-opioid antagonist CTOP (D-Pen-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on activity and ingestive behavior in the rat. Intra-VTA CTOP (0.015, 0.15, and 1.5 nmol per side) dose-dependently increased activity, whereas it had no effect on feeding and drinking behavior. These results are consistent with previous reports that intra-VTA injections of CTOP enhance extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, we propose a model of VTA mu-opioid mechanisms that might account for these surprising effects of intra-VTA CTOP.
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