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  • Title: [Permanent pacemaker implantation in children after open heart cardiac surgery (author's transl)].
    Author: Macrì R, Redaelli S, Eufrate S.
    Journal: G Ital Cardiol; 1978; 8 Suppl 1():240-4. PubMed ID: 754959.
    Abstract:
    Between 1972 and 1977, a permanent pacemaker has been implanted in 9 children for complete heart block, after repair of a congenital heart disease. Children's age ranged between 2 1/2 years and 13 years (mean age 8 years). The block had been caused by the operation in 8 children and was pre-existent in the last one. A permanent pacemaker was not implanted in another four children with postoperative complete heart block. In seven cases the pacemaker was implanted in the subclavear zone and connected to a transvenous electrode; in the remaining two cases the pacemaker was positioned subcutaneously in the abdomen and connected to an epicardial electrode. VVI-type pacemaker have always been used. Three children died after implantation because of chronic cardiac failure complicated, in one case, by surrhenalic insufficiency. In two cases the pacemaker was replaced because of battery exhaustion, as suggested by routine controls; in five cases, wire breakage occurred and it was replaced together with the pacemaker. In another case transvenous electrode displacement occurred; skin infection at pacemaker site occurred only once. No skin breakdown at pacemaker site has ever occurred, or any problem due to excessive pacemaker dimensions. Reappearance of normal synus rhythm was noted in one patient. No complication has been reported so far for the cases with postoperative complete heart block not treated with cardiac pacing.
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