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  • Title: Cytoplasmic and nuclear estradiol and progesterone receptors in human endometrium.
    Author: Bayard F, Damilano S, Robel P, Baulieu EE.
    Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab; 1978 Apr; 46(4):635-48. PubMed ID: 755048.
    Abstract:
    Estradiol and progesterone receptors have been characterized in normal human endometrial biopsy samples. The cytosol and nuclei were prepared from 150-250-mg samples, either processed immediately or kept in liquid nitrogen. The total concentration of estradiol-and progesterone-binding sites (available or occupied with endogenous hormone) were measured in both fractions. Results were best expressed in femto-moles per mg DNA, or in sites per cell, assuming an even distribution of receptor throughout the endometrial samples. The contribution to total binding of non-saturable binding components and of plasma proteins (transcortin or sex steroid-binding protein) was taken into account. Measurements were obtained in more than 300 patients, among whom 54 had completely normal menstrual cycles on the basis of clinical, hormonal, and histological features. Total estradiol and progesterone receptors were highest in the late proliferative phase (about 8,000 and 12,000 sites/cell, respectively) and were very significantly lower in the late secretory phase. During the proliferative phase, estradiol receptors were increased only in the nuclear fraction, whereas progesterone receptors were increased mainly in the cytoplasm. In the early luteal phase, estradiol and progesterone receptors decreased in the cytosol, whereas they remained high in the nuclei. Both receptors were at their lowest level in cytosol and nuclei in the late secretory phase. The changes of total estradiol and progesterone receptor sites and of their respective subcellular distributions seem to depend upon the plasma levels of both hormones and to follow the same cause and effect relationships as those demonstrated experimentally in laboratory animals. An assay method is described for the simultaneous measurement of total (filled and unfilled) estradiol and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) sites in endometrial cytosol and nuclei, together with the results of 54 biopsy samples obtained from proven normal menstrual cycles, in this study. The cytosol and nuclei were prepared from 150-250-mg samples which were either processed immediately or kept in liquid nitrogen. The total concentrations of PR and ER sites were measured, and the results were expressed in femtomoles/mg of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), or in sites/cell, assuming an even distribution of receptor throughout the endometrial sample. In addition, the contribution to total binding of nonsaturable binding components and of plasma proteins (transcortin or sex steroid-binding protein) was taken into account. Measurements of total ER and PR were highest in the late proliferative phase (8000-12,000 sites/cell, respectively) and were significantly lower in the late secretory phase. During the proliferative phase, ERs were increased only in the nuclear fraction, whereas PRs were increased mainly in the cytoplasm. In early luteal phase, ERs and PRs decreased in the cytosol, whereas they remained high in the nuclei. Both receptors were at their lowest level in cytosol and nuclei in the late secretory phase. The changes of total ER and PR sites and of their respective subcellular distributions seem dependent on the plasma levels of both hormones and seem to follow the same cause and effect relationships as those demonstrated experimentally in laboratory animals.
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