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  • Title: Zwitterionic nature of tenoxicam: crystal structures and thermal analyses of a polymorph of tenoxicam and a 1:1 tenoxicam:acetonitrile solvate.
    Author: Caira MR, Nassimbeni LR, Timme M.
    Journal: J Pharm Sci; 1995 Jul; 84(7):884-8. PubMed ID: 7562442.
    Abstract:
    The products of recrystallization of tenoxicam (4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyridinyl-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1,2-thiazine-3- carboxamide 1,1-dioxide) from ethanol and acetonitrile were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. Recrystallization from ethanol yielded a polymorph designated 1, and recrystallization from acetonitrile gave a solvate 2 with 1:1 stoichiometry. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray methods. Polymorph 1 is triclinic, space group P1, with Z = 4; solvate 2 is monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, with Z = 4. In both crystal structures, the tenoxicam molecule exists in the zwitterionic form, adopting a planar conformation that is stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds (N(+)-H...O and N-H...O-). Tenoxicam molecules associate by N(+)-H...O and C-H...N hydrogen bonding in both crystal structures. Desolvation of 2 yields a polymorph of tenoxicam that is different from polymorph 1. A study of the kinetics of the desolvation of 2 by dynamic thermogravimetry yielded estimates of the activation energy in the range 69-72 kJ.mol-1. From a comparison of experimental and simulated X-ray powder diffraction patterns, neither 1 nor 2 undergoes a polymorphic transition upon grinding. X-ray patterns based on the single-crystal X-ray data for 1 and 2 are presented as reliable references for their identification.
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