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  • Title: [The F-L test for determining alternating central scotoma].
    Author: Safra D.
    Journal: Klin Monbl Augenheilkd; 1995 May; 206(5):365-6. PubMed ID: 7609387.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Based on their experiences several authors consider an alternating central scotoma as the main reason for reading difficulties due to dyslexia. METHODS: Searching for a simple and reliable method for determination of an alternating central scotoma we used a pair of synoptophore fusion images, in the center of which we added the letter F respectively L as central control signs. A spontaneously perceived and persisting E means a perfect and stable orthophoria. A persisting F or L with fusion of the images means a one sided central scotoma. Alternation of F and L with fusion of the images means an alternating central scotoma. RESULTS: By examining normal readers, untreated asthenopic and untreated dyslexic patients, we found mostly rapid alternation of F and L in the latter two groups, whereas most of the normal readers saw F, L and E alternating at longer intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Thus undisturbed reading seems not to demand perfect orthophoria. On the other hand a rapidly alternating central scotoma may be considered as an important factor causing reading difficulties.
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