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  • Title: Clinical study of symbrachydactyly of the foot.
    Author: Uchida T, Kojima T, Hirakawa M.
    Journal: Br J Plast Surg; 1995 Jul; 48(5):300-5. PubMed ID: 7633767.
    Abstract:
    Seventeen patients with symbrachydactyly of the foot are described. Patient characteristics including sex, the side of the affected foot, age at first medical examination, and condition of the nails were recorded. Compared with the unaffected side, the lengths of the proximal phalangeal and metatarsal bones were significantly shorter. The abnormalities of the feet were classified into four types: typical axial, atypical axial, medial ray, and rudimentary. The anomaly progresses from hypoplasia of the central rays to a deformity of the great toe, but rarely involves the fifth toe. The fact that this differs from symbrachydactyly of the hand is of considerable interest.
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