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  • Title: Determination of end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for tracheal intubation and minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration in adults.
    Author: Kimura T, Watanabe S, Asakura N, Inomata S, Okada M, Taguchi M.
    Journal: Anesth Analg; 1994 Aug; 79(2):378-81. PubMed ID: 7639383.
    Abstract:
    The purpose of this study was to determine both the concentration of sevoflurane required for tracheal intubation (MACEI) and its minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) in adults. The study group consisted of 86 elective surgical patients, ASA physical status I or II, aged 16-59 yr. There was no premedication administered. For MACEI determination, after establishing and maintaining the predetermined end-tidal concentration for 20 min, tracheal intubation was attempted using a cuffed tracheal tube without muscle relaxant or other adjuvants. Each concentration at which tracheal intubation was attempted was predetermined as follows: 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, and 7.0%. For MAC determination, the patients examined were basically the same as those for MACEI determination, except for those who received muscle relaxant or other adjuvants because they were "not intubated smoothly." After establishing and maintaining the predetermined end-tidal concentration for 20 min, skin incision was attempted. Each concentration at which skin incision was attempted was predetermined as follows: 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0%. The MACEI of sevoflurane was 4.52% (95% confidence limits, 3.91%-5.21%), and the ED95 for tracheal intubation was 8.07%. The MAC of sevoflurane was 1.58% (95% confidence limits, 1.14%-1.98%), and the AD95 (anesthetic ED95) was 2.96%. The MACEI/MAC ratio was 2.86 (95% confidence limits, 2.63-3.43). Anesthesia induction followed by tracheal intubation can be accomplished in adults when sevoflurane is administered as a sole anesthetic, but in excess of 8% end-tidal concentration.
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