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  • Title: Prospective study of outcome in women presenting with nipple discharge.
    Author: Carty NJ, Mudan SS, Ravichandran D, Royle GT, Taylor I.
    Journal: Ann R Coll Surg Engl; 1994 Nov; 76(6):387-9. PubMed ID: 7702320.
    Abstract:
    In this study, 56 women who presented to the breast clinic with nipple discharge have been reviewed. Patients were selected for surgery by a triple assessment of clinical examination, discharge cytology and breast imaging. Surgical intervention was required in 17 women. Significant pathology was found in 11 cases including five with carcinoma (in situ or invasive). Those women who did not have carcinoma detected at their initial presentation have been reviewed after a minimum of 5 years. None has gone on to develop breast cancer. We conclude that women with nipple discharge, but no positive findings on triple assessment, are not at an increased risk of the development of carcinoma. In addition, nipple discharge spontaneously resolves in 73% of women over a 5 year period.
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