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  • Title: Serological, virological, and polymerase chain reaction studies of HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 infections in Ghanaian patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex.
    Author: Ayisi NK, Mensah M, Ishikawa K, Sata T.
    Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses; 1995 Feb; 11(2):319-21. PubMed ID: 7742046.
    Abstract:
    We have used a particle agglutination (PA) test, Western blot (WB) test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and virus isolation to define the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of 17 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 6 AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 2 asymptomatic Ghanaians. HIV-1 antibodies were more frequently detected. The PCR detected 66.7% HIV-1, 11.1% HIV-2, and 5.6% of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) and PBMC-Molt 4 coculture samples tested. Of the 12 viruses isolated from the 25 Ghanaians, 9 were HIV-1, 2 were HIV-2, and both HIV-1 and HIV-2 were isolated from 1 individual. Two of the HIV-1 isolates were from ARC patients who have been PA negative and either HIV-1 or HIV-2 WB indeterminate for more than 1 year without developing antibodies to HIV envelope proteins. Our results indicate that HIV-1 is now predominant in Ghanaian AIDS and ARC patients and that dual infection can occur. While HIV is believed to be the causative agent for AIDS, many clinically diagnosed AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) cases in Ghana have been reported to be negative or indeterminate for HIV antibodies. Dual seropositive reactions have also been common among AIDS and ARC cases in the country. A particle agglutination (PA) test, Western blot (WB), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virus isolation were used to define the HIV status of 17 AIDS, 6 ARC, and 2 asymptomatic Ghanaians. The PA test detected HIV-1 antibodies in 72% of the plasma samples, 94.4% of which were also positive according to WB. 1 sample was indeterminate by WB and 2 HIV-1 negative samples were determined to be positive by WB. HIV-2 was detected by PA in 32% of all samples, of which 87.5% were confirmed by WB. PCR detected 66.7% of HIV-1 cases, 11.1% of HIV-2, and 5.6% of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PBMC-Molt 4 coculture samples tested. 12 viruses were isolated from the 25 subjects; 9 were identified as HIV-1, 2 as HIV-2, and 1 person was infected with both HIV-1 and HIV-2. 2 of the HIV-1 isolates were from ARC patients who had been PA-negative and either HIV-1 or HIV-2 WB indeterminate for more than 1 year without developing antibodies to HIV envelope proteins.
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