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  • Title: Accuracy of a saliva test for HIV antibody.
    Author: King A, Marion SA, Cook D, Rekart M, Middleton PJ, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS.
    Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol; 1995 Jun 01; 9(2):172-5. PubMed ID: 7749795.
    Abstract:
    The accuracy of a saliva collection and testing protocol for determination of HIV-1 antibody status was assessed under realistic field conditions. The 1,256 study participants came from two lower-prevalence settings--a self-referral testing clinic (478) and a street-based outreach program (431)--and two high-prevalence clinics--an HIV/AIDS treatment clinic (337) and a hemophilia clinic (10). Saliva was collected using the Omni-Sal collection device and was tested by technicians blind to serum status using a modified protocol that employed the Recombigen HIV-1 EIA. Serum was tested using standard methods. A single saliva enzyme immunoassay (EIA) correctly identified 358 of 368 seropositive individuals, for a sensitivity of 97.3% (95% CI: 95.1%-98.7), and 888 of 888 seronegative individuals, for a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 99.6-100). Confirmation of saliva EIA positives with a repeat saliva EIA and an in-house saliva radioimmunoprecipitation assay resulted in a substantial drop in sensitivity to 85.3% (95% CI: 81.0-89.0). We conclude that a single saliva EIA using the modified test protocol described is sufficiently accurate for surveillance purposes, but we do not recommend it for diagnostic purposes or screening.
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