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  • Title: Cost analysis of ethanol production from willow using recombinant Escherichia coli.
    Author: von Sivers M, Zacchi G, Olsson L, Hahn-Hägerdal B.
    Journal: Biotechnol Prog; 1994; 10(5):555-60. PubMed ID: 7765380.
    Abstract:
    This study comprises a technical and economic analysis of the production of fuel ethanol by fermentation of a pentose-rich hydrolysate with recombinant Escherichia coli, strain KO11. Hydrolysate from steam-pretreated willow was used as raw material in calculations regarding the fermentation. The calculations were based on a feed capacity of 10 metric tons of dry willow per hour to the pretreatment stage, providing 35 metric tons of hydrolysate per hour, consisting of 45 g of sugars/L, to the pentose fermentation plant. A detoxification step was included, since the hydrolysate has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the E. coli KO11. The technical data used in the calculations were based on a kinetic fermentation model, which was developed from laboratory-scale experiments in a previous study. The economic analysis predicted an ethanol production cost of 48/L in the pentose fermentation plant, indicating potentially good economy. The detoxification cost constitutes 22% of this cost. Sensitivity analyses revealed that if the concentration of sugars in the feed to the fermentation was decreased by 40% to 27 g/L, the ethanol production cost was increased to 54/L. The production cost was increased to 50/L ethanol if the cell mass was recirculated to the fermentation stage 5 times instead of 20.
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