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  • Title: [Bismuth. An old medicine of current interest].
    Author: Qvigstad G, Waldum HL.
    Journal: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen; 1995 Apr 30; 115(11):1353-7. PubMed ID: 7770830.
    Abstract:
    Bismuth has been used to treat dyspepsia for more than a hundred years, and has now become an important element in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Less than 1% of ingested bismuth is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and is excreted in the urine. Bismuth forms a protective coating on the mucosa, it stimulates secretion of bicarbonate and has an effect on the G-cell and Helicobacter pylori. Bismuth gives equal ulcer healing rates as H2-receptor blocking agents, but causes significantly less relapses. Triple treatment with bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole eradicates H pylori in 95% of patients. Bismuth accumulates in the body during treatment and is neurotoxic, and it cannot be excluded that even short-term treatment may cause subclinical damage to the central nervous system.
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